2016-2019 Chevy Volt Wiper Motor & Linkage: Decoding the Part Number Updates

Common Symptoms of a Failing Wiper Motor Assembly

When the wiper assembly on a 2016-2019 Volt begins to fail, you may notice one or more of the following symptoms. Problems can stem from the electric motor itself, the linkage that connects to the wiper arms, or the electrical connection.

• Wipers won't move at all: This is the most obvious sign of failure. When you activate the wiper switch, nothing happens. This could be a dead motor or a wiring issue.
• Wipers only work on one speed: You might find that only the highest speed setting works, while the lower or intermittent settings are dead. One owner reported this was caused by a corroded wire leading to the motor.
• Slow or erratic operation: The wipers may move much slower than usual, or their speed might change randomly. This often points to a worn-out motor that is struggling to operate.
• Wipers stop mid-windshield: The wipers may stop in the middle of their cycle or fail to return to their proper "parked" position at the base of the windshield. This indicates a problem with the motor's internal parking switch or the linkage binding.
• Grinding or humming noises: A failing motor can make audible humming or grinding sounds when in use, signaling internal wear.
🎬 Watch: 6 symptoms of a bad wiper motor and replacement costs

Known Issues and Part Number Changes for the 2016-2019 Volt

The most important thing to know about this part is that it is sold as a complete assembly, including both the wiper motor and the transmission/linkage. You cannot typically buy just the motor or just the linkage from the original manufacturer. During the production of the second-generation Volt, General Motors updated this assembly multiple times.

This is evident from the series of part numbers for this component:

1. The original part number was 23235988.
2. This was later replaced by 84073206.
3. The final and most current part number is 84456254.

When a manufacturer updates a part number multiple times, it usually indicates that design improvements were made to address a weakness or recurring problem in the original design. While GM has not published a specific document explaining the changes, it is a safe assumption that the latest part number, 84456254, is the most robust and reliable version available.

There are no active safety recalls from the NHTSA for the windshield wiper motor assembly on the 2016-2019 Chevrolet Volt. However, a GM Technical Service Bulletin (TSB 25-NA-027) does exist for wiper arm alignment issues, which can cause wipers to hit each other or not clear the edges of the windshield properly. This is an adjustment procedure, not a part failure, and can be a useful first step in diagnosis if your only symptom is poor wipe pattern.

Buying a Used 2016-2019 Volt Wiper Motor Assembly: What to Check

A used OEM wiper assembly can be a smart, cost-effective alternative to an expensive new part. Because the original parts are designed for a perfect fit, a used OEM unit is often a better choice than a new aftermarket part that may have slight differences in quality or dimensions. Here’s what to look for:

• Verify the Part Number: This is the most critical step. Ask the seller to confirm the part number on the unit. Prioritize finding an assembly with the latest number, 84456254, if possible. If you can only find an older number, ensure it is guaranteed to fit your vehicle's model year.
• Inspect the Electrical Connector: Check the plug and pins for any signs of corrosion, bent pins, or melted plastic. A Reddit user reported that their wiper issue was caused by a corroded wire, so the connector is a key inspection point.
• Check the Linkage Pivots: Manually move the linkage arms. They should move smoothly but without excessive looseness or play in the pivot points (bushings). Stiff or rusted joints can overload the motor, and loose joints will result in sloppy wiper operation.
🎬 Watch: How to remove and rebuild a stuck wiper linkage
• Look for Physical Damage: Inspect the motor housing for cracks and the linkage arms for any bends or signs of stress. Ensure all mounting points are intact.
• Mileage and Warranty: Ask about the mileage of the donor vehicle. Lower mileage is always better. Reputable sellers should also offer a warranty to protect you against a part that is dead on arrival.

Replacement Guide and Difficulty

Replacing the wiper motor and linkage assembly is a moderately easy job that a DIYer with basic tools can accomplish in about 1 to 1.5 hours. The process involves removing the plastic cowl at the base of the windshield to access the assembly.

• Difficulty: 2 out of 5
• Estimated Time: 1 - 1.5 hours
• Tools Needed: Ratchet and socket set, trim removal tools, possibly a wiper arm puller.

General Steps:

1. Disconnect the negative battery terminal.
2. Mark the position of the wiper blades on the windshield with painter's tape to ensure correct reinstallation.
3. Remove the plastic caps at the base of the wiper arms and undo the nuts holding them on. The arms may require a special puller tool to remove them from the splined posts, though sometimes they can be wiggled off by hand.
4. Carefully remove the plastic cowl panel that covers the area between the hood and the windshield. This is typically held on by clips and screws.
5. With the cowl removed, the entire wiper motor and linkage assembly will be visible. Disconnect the single electrical connector from the motor.
6. Unbolt the few bolts that hold the assembly to the vehicle's firewall.
7. Remove the entire assembly from the vehicle.

Cost Comparison: New vs. Used

The cost for a replacement wiper assembly can vary significantly. Here is a general breakdown of what to expect:

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)