Tesla Model S & X Steering Rack Guide: Noises, Failure Warnings, and Replacement Costs (2016-2025)

Known Issues, Recalls, and Technical Service Bulletins (TSBs)

Several official recalls and investigations have been issued for steering-related problems on the Model S and Model X. While some were fixed with software, others required physical part replacements.

NHTSA Campaign 22V818000: Loss of Power Steering After Hitting Bumps

This recall affects certain 2017–2021 Model S and Model X vehicles. A specific firmware update could misinterpret driving over rough roads or potholes, causing the system to cut power steering assist. Drivers would see a "Steering assist reduced" warning and the wheel would become very difficult to turn at low speeds. Tesla addressed this issue with an over-the-air (OTA) software update (version 2022.36.5 or later), which recalibrated the system. 🎬 See a breakdown of what causes steering assist reduced alerts. No hardware replacement was required if the vehicle received the update.

NHTSA Campaigns 18V-204 & 20V-062: Corroded Steering Rack Bolts

This issue affects earlier models: Model S vehicles built before April 2016 and Model X vehicles built before October 2016. On these vehicles, the aluminum bolts used to attach the electric motor to the steering gear could corrode and fracture, especially in cold climates where road salt is used. If the bolts failed, the motor could shift, causing a loss of power assist. The remedy was to replace the original aluminum bolts with coated steel bolts and apply a corrosion-preventative sealer. If the bolts were already broken, the entire steering rack was replaced free of charge.

Symptoms of a Failing Steering Gear Poppet Rack

A failing steering rack is a serious safety issue. If you experience any of these symptoms, have your vehicle inspected immediately.

• Sudden Heavy Steering: The most common symptom is a partial or complete loss of power steering assist. The steering wheel will become extremely difficult to turn, especially when parking or driving at low speeds. This can happen intermittently.
• Warning Messages: The dashboard will often display a "Steering assist reduced" alert before, during, or after the loss of steering control.
• Clunking or Clicking Noises: Owners report hearing a clunking sound from the front end when driving over uneven surfaces at low speeds. A "notchy" or "clicky" feeling can sometimes be felt through the steering wheel.
• Whining or Squealing Sounds: Unusual whining or squealing noises when turning the wheel can point to a problem with the electric motor or mechanical parts of the rack.
• Loose Steering or Poor Alignment: A feeling of looseness in the steering or the car pulling to one side can indicate a worn steering rack. Some owners have noted their alignment goes out of specification very quickly, requiring constant steering correction to drive straight.

Buying a Used Steering Gear Poppet Rack

A used OEM steering rack can be a cost-effective solution, but careful inspection and verification are critical. Given the electronic complexity and safety-critical nature of this part, a high-quality recycled OEM part is often a better choice than a cheap, new aftermarket alternative.

1. Verify the Part Number Above All Else

The single most important step is to match the OEM part number from your vehicle's original steering rack to the replacement part. Tesla uses several revisions, including 1070801-00-D, 1070801-00-E, and 1070801-00-F. There are known fitment differences between early models (pre-2017), mid-generation models, and the 2021+ 'refresh' models. Do not rely on a seller's year range alone. Physically inspect your old part and buy the exact same number.

2. Physical Inspection

• Check Electrical Connectors: Inspect the main electrical connector for any signs of corrosion, bent pins, or damage to the housing.
• Inspect the Tie Rod Boots: While the rack may not come with inner or outer tie rods, check the condition of the rubber boots (bellows) on the rack itself. Torn boots allow dirt and water to enter, which will quickly destroy the internal components.
• Look for Impact Damage: Check the main housing for any cracks, deep gouges, or signs of a major collision. A bent rack is useless.

3. Mileage Considerations

Steering rack failure on these models is not always tied to high mileage. Failures have been reported on lower-mileage vehicles due to electrical faults or manufacturing defects. However, as with any mechanical part, lower mileage is generally better. A part from a vehicle with under 80,000 miles is preferable, but the physical condition and correct part number are more important than mileage alone.

Replacement and Calibration

Replacing the steering rack on a Model S or Model X is a complex job not recommended for most DIY mechanics.

The process requires lowering or removing the entire front subframe assembly 🎬 Watch this walkthrough of a Gen 2 steering rack replacement. to access the rack. The three main bolts that attach the rack to the subframe must be torqued to 167 Nm (123.2 lbs-ft).

Cost to Replace a Tesla Model S / Model X Steering Rack

Replacing the steering rack is a significant expense. Labor costs are high due to the need to remove the front subframe and perform electronic calibration.

Frequently Asked Questions