Tesla Model 3 & Y Steering Column Guide: Noises, Failures, and Recalls (2017-2026)

Known Issues, Recalls, and Service Bulletins

Several high-profile issues and service campaigns affect the steering system on the Tesla Model 3 and Model Y. Understanding these is crucial for diagnosis and repair.

NHTSA Investigation: Steering Wheels Detaching

Recall for Loss of Power Steering

A more widespread issue involved a sudden loss of power steering assist, making the wheel extremely difficult to turn, particularly after coming to a stop. NHTSA received over 2,300 complaints regarding this problem. Tesla identified the cause as a software issue that could overstress the power steering's printed circuit board. In response, Tesla issued a recall for approximately 376,000 Model 3 and Model Y vehicles, which was addressed with an over-the-air (OTA) software update (version 2023.38.4 or later). 🎬 Watch: A breakdown of the power steering recall and causes. Symptoms often include a "Steering Assist Reduced" warning on the screen.

Service Bulletin for Clicking Noise When Turning

Some Model Y owners report a distinct clicking or popping sound from the steering column area when turning the wheel left or right. Tesla addressed this with Service Bulletin SB-25-32-002. The bulletin states the noise is caused by "insufficient compression of the Steering Column Control Module (SCCM) secondary lock position by the steering wheel shaft." The official fix involves removing the steering wheel and applying a small piece of felt tape to the top of the steering wheel shaft to cushion the contact point. In other cases, similar noises have been traced to worn upper control arm ball joints, which is a separate suspension issue.

Grinding Noise from Power Adjustment

A grinding or rubbing sound when the steering column moves automatically—such as with the "Easy Entry" feature—is another common complaint. This can be caused by a displaced leather or plastic trim piece around the column rubbing as it telescopes in or out. In other cases, the noise indicates a problem with the adjustment motors or mechanism within the column itself, which may require replacing the entire assembly. This issue has been specifically noted by owners of the updated Model Y 'Juniper'.

Symptoms of a Failing Steering Column

Beyond the specific issues above, watch for these general signs of failure.

• Power Adjustment Failure: The steering wheel will not move up/down or in/out when using the controls.
• Grinding or Straining Noises: Any unusual noise during power adjustment indicates a problem with the internal motors or gears.
• Clicking or Popping When Turning: As described in the TSB, this often points to an issue with the SCCM interface or steering shaft.
• Heavy or Stiff Steering: A sudden increase in steering effort, often accompanied by a warning light, can indicate a failure 🎬 See this guide to understanding steering assist system alerts. in the power steering system.
• Loose Feeling: Excessive play or a clunking sensation in the steering wheel could indicate a loose retaining bolt or worn internal components.

Buying a Used Steering Column

Purchasing a used OEM steering column can offer significant savings over a new part, but careful verification is essential. New columns can cost over $1,300 from the manufacturer, while used units can often be found for a fraction of that price.

Compatibility and Part Numbers

Verifying the correct part number is the most critical step. These vehicles use a power-adjustable column, and it is not interchangeable with the rare manual-adjust version.

Inspection Checklist

• Check All Connectors: Ensure no electrical connectors are cracked, bent, or have cut wires. Damaged connectors are a major red flag.
• Inspect for Physical Damage: Look for any bends, cracks, or signs of impact from a collision. A bent column is unsafe and unusable.
• Test Adjustment Motors (If Possible): If you can safely apply 12V power, test the tilt and telescope motors to ensure they run smoothly and quietly.
• Verify Mileage and Source: A column from a low-mileage vehicle is preferable, as the adjustment motors have a finite lifespan.

Cost to Replace

Note: Costs are estimates and can vary based on location and vehicle condition. Some related repairs, like a full steering rack replacement, can be significantly more expensive.

Replacement Overview

Replacing the steering column is an advanced DIY job due to the need to handle the driver's airbag and numerous sensitive electrical components.

• Difficulty: 4 out of 5
• Estimated Time: 3-5 hours

General Steps (Consult the official Tesla Service Manual for your specific vehicle):

1. Disconnect the 12V battery and high-voltage loop to safely disable the systems.
2. Remove the driver's airbag module. This is a critical safety step that must be done correctly.
🎬 Watch: Step-by-step walkthrough for removing the steering wheel safely.
3. Remove the main steering wheel retaining bolt and the steering wheel itself.
4. Remove the upper and lower plastic shrouds around the column.
5. Disconnect all electrical harnesses from the Steering Column Control Module (SCCM) and adjustment motors.
6. Unbolt the column from the dash support beam and the intermediate steering shaft U-joint in the footwell.
7. Installation is the reverse of removal. The steering wheel retaining bolt is single-use and must be replaced. A torque wrench is required for safety-critical fasteners.

After physical installation, the new column may require a software configuration or calibration procedure using Tesla's service software to ensure all functions work correctly.

Frequently Asked Questions