2013-2016 Mercedes GL450 Steering Column: A Guide to Failures, Options, and Replacement
This guide covers the common failures, critical compatibility options, and replacement needs for the steering column in the 2013-2016 Mercedes-Benz GL450.
- Compatibility is critical. The replacement column MUST match your vehicle's options (Heated Wheel, Lane Keep Assist, Distronic) by part number.
- Post-installation calibration of the Steering Angle Sensor (SAS) is mandatory using a Mercedes-specific scan tool (like Xentry). Failure to do so will leave safety systems inoperative.
- Check for NHTSA recall 17V241000, which addresses a potential loss of power steering due to water entering a connector.
- Symptoms can be electronic (warning lights), mechanical (noises), or related to power assist (heavy steering).
Common Symptoms of a Failing GL450 Steering Column
Failures in the GL450's steering column can manifest in several ways, ranging from annoying noises to critical safety system malfunctions. Symptoms can generally be grouped into electronic, mechanical, and power-assist categories.
Electronic and Sensor-Related Failures
- Warning Lights: The most common sign of an electronic issue within the column is the illumination of dashboard warning lights. An ESP (Electronic Stability Program), ABS, or Airbag warning light often points to a failure of the Steering Angle Sensor (SAS) or the clock spring housed within the column assembly.
- Malfunctioning Controls: Buttons on the steering wheel, the horn, or paddle shifters may stop working intermittently or altogether. This is a classic symptom of a broken clock spring.
- Inoperative Driver Aids: Features like standard cruise control, Adaptive Cruise Control (Distronic), or Lane Keep Assist may become unavailable. These systems rely on precise data from the steering angle sensor to function correctly.
- Power Tilt/Telescope Failure: The electric motor or mechanism for adjusting the steering wheel's position can fail, causing the wheel to get stuck in one position. Sometimes this is due to a binding flex shaft within the column that may be adjustable.
Mechanical Failures
- Noises While Turning: A clicking, grinding, or squeaking sound when turning the steering wheel often indicates worn internal bearings or a problem with the clock spring rubbing.
- Loose Steering Feeling: A sensation of excessive play or looseness in the steering wheel can be caused by worn components within the column itself or its mounting points.
- Binding or Sticking: If the steering wheel feels like it's catching or requires extra effort at certain points in its rotation, a worn universal joint (U-joint) in the column or intermediate shaft could be the cause.
Power Steering Assist Failures
The 2013-2016 GL450 uses an electromechanical power steering system. While the column is not the power steering rack itself, its internal sensors are essential for the system to work.
- Intermittent or Complete Loss of Power Assist: A sudden increase in steering effort, which may come and go, can be caused by a failing steering column module or a bad torque sensor signal. This makes the vehicle very difficult to steer, especially at low speeds.
- Vibrating Steering Wheel: A vibration felt through the wheel, particularly at low speeds or when parking, can occur if the power steering control module delivers assist unevenly.
NHTSA Recall: Loss of Power Steering Assist
Recall 17V241000 was issued for some 2016-2017 GL-Class vehicles, including the GL450. An insufficiently sealed electric power steering connector could allow water to enter the control unit, potentially deactivating power steering assist and increasing the risk of a crash. Dealers will replace the connector and inspect the steering rack, replacing it if necessary. Before purchasing a used vehicle or part, verify if this recall has been completed.
Buying a Used Steering Column for Your GL450
Due to the high cost of a new OEM steering column, a used, recycled part is an excellent option. However, careful verification is essential to ensure you get the right part and avoid creating new problems.
Compatibility is Everything: Match Your Vehicle's Options
The single most important factor is matching the replacement column to the exact features your GL450 was built with. Columns are NOT interchangeable between option packages. Installing the wrong one will lead to warning lights and disabled features. You must match the part number from your original column. Key features that determine the correct part number include:
- Heated Steering Wheel (Option Code 443): Columns for heated wheels have different wiring and a different clock spring.
- Lane Keeping Assist (Option Code 476): These columns may include a vibration motor to provide haptic feedback to the driver.
- Adaptive Cruise Control / Distronic (Option Code 233/239): These systems are deeply integrated with the steering angle sensor and control module. The column must be compatible.
- Power Tilt/Telescoping with Memory: While standard on most GL450s, ensure the replacement supports this function.
Pro Tip: The only way to be 100% certain of compatibility is to physically remove the old column and match its Mercedes-Benz part number to the used replacement. Part numbers are typically on a white sticker on the column housing.
Physical Inspection Checklist
When inspecting a used steering column, check for the following:
- No Physical Damage: Inspect the main shaft to ensure it is straight and has not been bent in an accident.
- Intact Connectors: Check all electrical connectors for cracks, bent pins, or cut wires. A damaged connector can be impossible to repair reliably.
- Smooth Rotation: The column should rotate smoothly without any grinding or binding noises.
- Airbag Deployment: Do not purchase a column from a vehicle where the driver's airbag was deployed. The force of deployment can cause non-visible internal damage to the column tube.
Cost Comparison for a 2013-2016 GL450 Steering Column
| Part Type | Estimated Cost | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| New OEM | $550 - $2,100 | Price varies significantly based on the specific part number and options. |
| Used OEM | $200 - $600 | A cost-effective option, but requires careful matching of part numbers and options. |
| New Aftermarket | Not Widely Available | Complete column assemblies are not commonly offered by aftermarket brands due to their complexity. |
| Shop Labor | $300 - $500 | Typically 2-4 hours of labor. This does not include the cost of programming/calibration. |
Replacement Overview and Calibration
Replacing the steering column is an advanced DIY job, primarily because of the safety systems and calibration requirements involved.
- Difficulty: 4 out of 5
- Estimated Time: 2-4 hours
- DIY Feasible: For advanced mechanics only.
The basic steps involve disconnecting the battery, removing the driver's airbag (with extreme caution), steering wheel, and column shrouds, disconnecting all electrical plugs, and unbolting the column from the dashboard support and the intermediate steering shaft.
Warning: Improper handling of the airbag unit can cause it to deploy, leading to serious injury. Always disconnect the battery's negative terminal and wait at least 15-20 minutes before beginning work to allow the system's backup power to discharge.
Steering Angle Sensor (SAS) Calibration is Mandatory
After the new column is installed, the Steering Angle Sensor (SAS) must be calibrated. Without this step, the ESP and power steering systems will not function correctly, and warning lights will remain on.
There are two types of reset procedures:
- Simple Reset: Sometimes required after disconnecting the battery. This involves starting the engine and turning the steering wheel from full lock to full lock. This simple procedure is often not sufficient after a component replacement.
- Full Calibration: Required after replacing the steering column or SAS. This procedure tells the vehicle's computer the new sensor's straight-ahead position and full range of motion. It must be performed with a Mercedes-specific diagnostic tool like Xentry/STAR diagnostics. This is not something that can be done with a basic OBD-II scanner.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Do I need to program a used steering column?
Generally, the used column itself does not need to be programmed if you match the part number exactly. However, the Steering Angle Sensor within the column absolutely must be calibrated to the vehicle using a professional scan tool after installation.
What is the 'clock spring' and is it part of the steering column assembly?
The clock spring is a flat, coiled ribbon of wires that allows the steering wheel to turn while maintaining electrical contact for the airbag and steering wheel buttons. It is typically part of the steering column module, which is bolted to the steering column. Most complete used steering columns will include it.
Can I install a column with a heated wheel if my car doesn't have that option?
No. The vehicle's wiring harness and control modules will not support the feature, and it will likely cause fault codes because the car's computer will not recognize the different component. You must match the features of the original column.
My steering feels loose. Is it definitely the steering column?
Not necessarily. While a loose feeling can come from worn internal column components, it can also be caused by worn tie rods, ball joints, or a failing steering rack. A thorough inspection of the entire front-end steering and suspension system is needed to pinpoint the cause.
OEM Part Numbers
This list contains known OEM part numbers for the 2013-2016 GL450. It is not exhaustive, and numbers may supersede over time. Always verify the number on your specific part before ordering a replacement.
- 1664600816
- 1664600916
- 1664601016
- 1664601116
- 1664601216
- 1664601316
- 1664606200
- 1664606300
- A1664601016
- A1664601116
- A1664601216
- A1664601316
- A1664606200
- A1664606300
Technical Specifications
OEM Part Numbers: 1664600816 1664600916 1664601016 1664601116 1664601216 1664601316 1664606200 1664606300 166462082 A1664601016 A1664601116 A1664601216 A1664601316 A1664606200 A1664606300
Houses Steering Column Module (SCM), Steering Angle Sensor (SAS), clock spring, and stalks for turn signals, wipers, and gear selection. Integrates with electromechanical power steering.
We Have This Part in Stock
The information in this article is provided for general reference and educational purposes only. Vehicle specifications, procedures, and part compatibility can vary by production date, trim level, and region. Always consult your vehicle's factory service manual and verify part numbers before purchasing or performing repairs. Safety-critical components such as airbags, seat belts, and braking systems should be installed by a qualified professional.
- Mercedes-Benz GL450:
- 🛍️ Shop This Part
- Common Symptoms of a Failing GL450 Steering Column
- Electronic and Sensor-Related Failures
- Mechanical Failures
- Power Steering Assist Failures
- Buying a Used Steering Column for Your GL450
- Compatibility is Everything: Match Your Vehicle's Options
- Physical Inspection Checklist
- Cost Comparison for a 2013-2016 GL450 Steering Column
- Replacement Overview and Calibration
- Steering Angle Sensor (SAS) Calibration is Mandatory
- Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
- OEM Part Numbers
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